As stated earlier, engineers can manufacture tissues with or without scaffolds. When engineers create new tissues, they need to decide the form these stem cells will take. Many engineers are making three-dimensional patches to replace dying tissue (Wang). Other engineers are creating sheets of cells then stacking them together (Wu). Both methods are valid, but depending on the environment the stem cells are cultured in, the tissues will behave differently and possess different abilities, such as how many cells are able to differentiate. Engineers have the ability to control the stem cell’s environment by using bioreactors (Wu). This allows engineers to create more efficient tissues.
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